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Dyes used in oriental rugs
Oriental rugs were traditionally coloured with natural dyes derived from plant and animal sources. These dyes were often prepared using complex recipes that were carefully guarded secrets.
Until the middle of the 19th century, creating the beautiful colours envisioned for oriental rugs was also a highly complex task. Until 1857, only dyes of plant and animal origin, especially insects, were available.
Simpler colours were obtained from natural sources. Yellow, for example, came from saffron or vine leaves. Red could be produced from sour cherry juice or insects, while black came from tea or tobacco leaves and blue from indigo.
More complex and distinctive natural shades were created through individual experience and specialised knowledge. The exact composition of these dyes was often kept as a closely guarded secret.
After synthetic dyes appeared, they quickly replaced natural colourants because they were cheaper and easier to produce. As artificial dyes improved, virtually every colour and shade became possible.
Today, however, growing environmental awareness has renewed interest in oriental rugs coloured entirely with plant- and insect-based natural dyes.
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